Probability theory is indispensable in computer science: It is at the core of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which require decision making under uncertainty. It is integral to CS theory ...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is an optimization technique with remarkable performance for problem solving. The convergence analysis of the method is still in research. This article ...

The blockchain has a great vogue in recent years, and its core consensus algorithms also become the focus of research. At present, most of the research on consensus mechanisms are oriented to the ...

China’s research efforts in artificial intelligence (AI) began later than the U.S. and Europe. Early contributions in the 1970s included automated theorem proving, logic reasoning, search, and ...