An interatomic potential is a set of mathematical rules that describes the complex dance of forces between atoms — how atomic ...

Master Python functions and apply them to solve physics problems efficiently. Learn step-by-step techniques for simulations, calculations, and modeling in physics using Python. Ideal for students, ...

Illustrating physics problems with Web VPython in Python. Learn how to build clear 3D visualizations for motion and forces, and bring physics concepts to life with interactive animations and simple ...

Foams are everywhere: soap suds, shaving cream, whipped toppings and food emulsions like mayonnaise. For decades, scientists ...

Scientists have long believed that foam behaves like glass, with bubbles locked into place. New simulations reveal that bubbles never truly settle and instead keep moving through many possible ...