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Abstract: The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is a complex logistical challenge that requires optimizing both route planning and charging decisions. Although ant colony optimization (ACO) has ...

The behavior prevents fungal pathogens from spreading through the colony Researchers call it "altruistic disease signaling" that protects the ant superorganism In a rare example of biological altruism ...

Abstract: In modern logistics management systems, route planning requires high efficiency. The Open Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (OCVRP) deals with finding optimal delivery routes for a fleet ...